Vaginal bacterial microbiome composition in women living with HIV in Meru, Kenya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v4i2.340Keywords:
Vaginal microbiome, 16SrRNA, vaginal dysplasia, dysbiosis, HIVAbstract
The immune system status and the vaginal microbiome represent risk factors for hrHPV and women living with HIV are susceptible to persistent HPV infections. This study characterized the vaginal bacterial communities in women living with HIV in Meru. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 38 women living with HIV at the Meru Teaching and Referral Hospital. Genomic DNA extraction and 16S rRNA amplification was carried out. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using R and Cutadapt was used to perform sequence quality control. We identified 6,481 bacterial taxa. Lactobacillus and Gardnerella were the most abundant genera in the study population. In conclusion, this study shows the status of vaginal microbiome in Kenyan women living with HIV. Follow up studies are recommended to include control group of HIV-negative women.
References
Badial, R. M., DIas, M. C., Stuqui, B., Melli, P. P. D. S., Quintana, S. M., Bonfim, C. M. Do, Cordeiro, J. A., Rabachini, T., Calmon, M. D. F., Provazzi, P. J. S., & Rahal, P. (2018). Detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus (HPV) in HIV-infected women and its relationship with HPV/HIV co-infection. Medicine (United States), 97(14), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000009545
Castle, P. E., Varallo, J. E., Bertram, M. M., Ratshaa, B., Kitheka, M., & Rammipi, K. (2020). High-risk human papillomavirus prevalence in self-collected cervicovaginal specimens from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative women and women living with HIV living in Botswana. PLoS ONE, 15(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229086
Klein, C., Gonzalez, D., Samwel, K., Kahesa, C., Mwaiselage, J., Aluthge, N., Fernando, S., West, J. T., Wood, C., & Angeletti, P. C. (2019). Relationship between the cervical microbiome, HIV Status, and precancerous lesions. MBio, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02785-18
Klein, C., Kahesa, C., Mwaiselage, J., West, J. T., Wood, C., & Angeletti, P. C. (2020). How the Cervical Microbiota Contributes to Cervical Cancer Risk in Sub-Saharan Africa. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10(February), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00023
Ma, Z., Zuo, T., Frey, N., & Rangrez, A. Y. (2024). A systematic framework for understanding the microbiome in human health and disease: from basic principles to clinical translation. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 9(1), 237. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01946-6
Nieves Delgado, A., & Baedke, J. (2021). Does the human microbiome tell us something about race? Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00772-3
Ntuli, L., Mtshali, A., Mzobe, G., Liebenberg, L. J. P., & Ngcapu, S. (2022). Role of Immunity and Vaginal Microbiome in Clearance and Persistence of Human Papillomavirus Infection. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 12(July), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.927131
Reimers, L. L., Mehta, S. D., Massad, L. S., Burk, R. D., Xie, X., Ravel, J., Cohen, M. H., Palefsky, J. M., Weber, K. M., Xue, X., Anastos, K., Minkoff, H., Atrio, J., D’Souza, G., Ye, Q., Colie, C., Zolnik, C. P., Spear, G. T., & Strickler, H. D. (2016). The Cervicovaginal Microbiota and Its Associations with Human Papillomavirus Detection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 214(9), 1361–1369. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiw374
Santella, B., Schettino, M. T., Franci, G., De Franciscis, P., Colacurci, N., Schiattarella, A., & Galdiero, M. (2022). Microbiota and HPV: The role of viral infection on vaginal microbiota. Journal of Medical Virology, 94(9), 4478–4484. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27837
Sharifian, K., Shoja, Z., & Jalilvand, S. (2023). The interplay between human papillomavirus and vaginal microbiota in cervical cancer development. Virology Journal, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-023-02037-8
Shvartsman, E., Perciani, C. T., Richmond, M. E. I., Russell, J. N. H., Tough, R. H., Vancuren, S. J., Hill, J. E., KAVI-ICR, Jaoko, W., McKinnon, L. R., Sandstrom, P. A., & MacDonald, K. S. (2023). Gardnerella subgroup dominant microbiomes are associated with divergent cervicovaginal immune responses in a longitudinal cohort of Kenyan women. Frontiers in Immunology, 13(January), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.974195
Taku, O., Businge, C. B., Mdaka, M. L., Phohlo, K., Basera, W., Garcia-Jardon, M., Meiring, T. L., Gyllensten, U., Williamson, A. L., & Mbulawa, Z. Z. A. (2020). Human papillomavirus prevalence and risk factors among HIV-negative and HIV-positive women residing in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 95, 176–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.051
Tchouaket, M. C. T., Ka’e, A. C., Semengue, E. N. J., Sosso, S. M., Simo, R. K., Yagai, B., Nka, A. D., Chenwi, C. A., Abba, A., Fainguem, N., Perno, C. F., Colizzi, V., & Fokam, J. (2023). Variability of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Associated Factors among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens, 12(8), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12081032
Zeber-Lubecka, N., Kulecka, M., Dabrowska, M., Baginska-Drabiuk, K., Glowienka-Stodolak, M., Nowakowski, A., Slabuszewska-Jozwiak, A., Bednorz, B., Jędrzejewska, I., Piasecka, M., Pawelec, J., Wojciechowska-Lampka, E., & Ostrowski, J. (2024). Cervical microbiota dysbiosis associated with high-risk Human Papillomavirus infection. PloS One, 19(4), e0302270. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302270
Zeber-Lubecka, N., Kulecka, M., Lindner, B., Krynicki, R., Paziewska, A., Nowakowski, A., Bidzinski, M., & Ostrowski, J. (2022). Increased diversity of a cervical microbiome associates with cervical cancer. Frontiers in Oncology, 12(September), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.1005537
