Assessment of healthcare-related factors influencing traumatic brain injury outcomes among patients at MeTRH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v4i2.308Keywords:
Traumatic Brain Injury, healthcare-related factors, patient outcomes, Meru Teaching and Referral HospitalAbstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), defined as a disruption in normal brain function caused by an external force such as a blow, jolt, or penetrating injury, remains a critical public health concern due to its complex nature and long-term impact on health outcomes. In Kenya, particularly at Meru Teaching and Referral Hospital (MeTRH), the burden of TBI continues to rise amidst limited healthcare resources. Despite the growing prevalence, few studies have examined how healthcare-related factors influence patient outcomes in referral hospital settings. This study assessed healthcare-related determinants affecting TBI outcomes at MeTRH. A cross-sectional design was used, involving a sample of 152 participants derived using Nassiuma’s formula and rule-of-thumb sampling. The sample included 84 medical records, 48 healthcare workers (specialists and non-specialists), and 20 patients attending the neurology clinic. Including patients allowed for capturing perspectives on post-discharge care and rehabilitation needs. Data were collected using questionnaires, structured interviews, and medical file checklists. Quantitative data were analysed in SPSS v27 using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.825. Key findings revealed that delayed access to neurosurgical care, inadequate rehabilitation services, and lack of standardized TBI management protocols significantly influenced outcomes such as mortality, functional recovery, and quality of life. The Glasgow Outcome Scale showed poorer recovery where patients lacked timely surgery, ICU admission, or specialist follow-up. Variations in healthcare providers’ knowledge and practices further highlighted gaps in standardized care. The study concludes that availability of specialised care, emergency responsiveness, and structured rehabilitation are pivotal in shaping TBI recovery. Strengthening institutional capacity through training, protocol enforcement, and investment in neurocritical care infrastructure is essential. Policy integration of national TBI management guidelines and establishment of neuro-rehabilitation units are recommended to improve outcomes in resource-limited settings.
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